MySQL多实例环境搭建和管理-白红宇

MySQL多实例环境搭建和管理

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发布时间：2019-06-28

本文共 16996 字，大约阅读时间需要 56 分钟。

MySQL的多实例有两种方式可以实现

第一种、使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例

这种方式的优势逻辑简单，配置简单，缺点是管理起来不太方便。

第二种、通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例

这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面，优点是管理起来很方便，集中管理。

第一种、使用多个配置文件启动多个不同进程的情况：

环境介绍：

mysql 版本：mariadb 10.2.4

操作系统：centos 7

mysql实例数：2个

实例占用端口分别为：3306、3307、3308

环境搭建

创建mysql用户

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

下载MySQL

编译安装mysql

tar xzvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gzcd mysql-5.1.50./configure '--prefix=/usr/local/mysql' '--with-charset=utf8' '--with-extra-charsets=complex' '--with-pthread' '--enable-thread-safe-client' '--with-ssl' '--with-client-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-plugins=partition,innobase,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive' '--enable-shared' '--enable-assembler'makemake install

官网下载源码安装MySQL

cd /server/srcwget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.2.4/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gztar zxvf mariadb-10.2.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gzmv mariadb-10.2.4-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/mysqlecho "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >>/etc/profilesource /etc/profileecho $PATH

初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql

创建配置文件

vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf3306库的配置文件如下：[client]port = 3306socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port = 3306socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sockback_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf3307的配置文件如下：[client]port = 3307socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port = 3307socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sockback_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3308/my.cnf3308的配置文件如下：[client]port = 3308socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port = 3308socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockback_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

创建自动启动脚本

###3306的启动文件如下：vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3306mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL...\n"/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}case $1 instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

###3307的启动文件如下：vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3307mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL...\n"/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}case $1 instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

###3308的启动文件如下：vim /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3308mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL...\n"/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}case $1 instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

###脚本启动3306、3307、3308的mysqld

/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start

###创建开机自启动服务器（centos7，systemctl自启动服务器管理）

###mysqld3306的开机自启动服务ln -s /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld /etc/init.d/mysqld3306vim /lib/systemd/system/mysqld3306.service[Unit]Description=mysqlAfter=network.target[Service]Type=forkingExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysqld3306 startExecRestart=/etc/init.d/mysqld3306 restartExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysqld3306  stopPrivateTmp=true[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

###mysqld3307的开机自启动服务ln -s /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld /etc/init.d/mysqld3307vim /lib/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service[Unit]Description=mysqlAfter=network.target[Service]Type=forkingExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysqld3307 startExecRestart=/etc/init.d/mysqld3307 restartExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysqld3307  stopPrivateTmp=true[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

###mysqld3308的开机自启动服务ln -s /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld /etc/init.d/mysqld3308vim /lib/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service[Unit]Description=mysqlAfter=network.target[Service]Type=forkingExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysqld3308 startExecRestart=/etc/init.d/mysqld3308 restartExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysqld3308  stopPrivateTmp=true[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

###测试mysqld开机自启动服务systemct enable/start/stop/restart mysqld3306.servicesystemct enable/start/stop/restart mysqld3307.servicesystemct enable/start/stop/restart mysqld3308.service

CentOS 6之前系统添加到自动启动vim /etc/init.d/boot.local/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

### mysqladmin更改root用户密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：

mysqladmin -uroot password 'xxx' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sockmysqladmin -uroot password 'xxx' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sockmysqladmin -uroot password 'xxx' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

###创建了admin帐号,mysqld控制脚本的stop功能和restart功能就正常了！

mysql -uroot -pxxx -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;

mysql -uroot -pxxx -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;

mysql -uroot -pxxx -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;

###别名alias，优化mysql登录命令

vim /root/.bashrcalias mysql3306='mysql -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock -uroot -pxxx'alias mysql3307='mysql -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock -uroot -pxxx'alias mysql3308='mysql -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock -uroot -pxxx'###退出下次登录ssh的时候，可以直接运行mysql3306/mysql3307/mysql3308

第二种、官方自带的mysqld_multi来实现多实例实战

这里的mysql安装以及数据库的初始化和前面的步骤一样，就不再赘述。

### mysqld_multi的配置

vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld_multi]mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser = adminpassword = password[mysqld1]socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sockport = 3306pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.piddatadir = /data/dbdata_3306user = mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqld2]socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sockport = 3307pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.piddatadir = /data/dbdata_3307user = mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqld3]socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockport = 3308pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.piddatadir = /data/dbdata_3308user = mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

### mysqld_multi启动

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3###或者采用一条命令的形式：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

###更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'xxx' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'xxx' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'xxx' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock ###登录测试并创建admin密码(停止mysql的时候需要使用到)/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;

###更改环境变量

vim /etc/profilePATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/source /etc/profile

###添加到自动启动

vim /etc/init.d/boot.local/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

###如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！

大家在管理多实例的话可以使用mysqlmanager实例管理器，管理器来会比较方面，限于篇幅，这里就不在多做介绍！

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/jschu/1909233

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